Related provisions for BIPRU 4.10.48

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BIPRU 4.3.28RRP
Where a firm uses direct estimates of risk parameters these may be seen as the outputs of grades on a continuous rating scale.[Note:BCD Annex VII Part 4 point 4]
BIPRU 4.3.29RRP
A firm must have robust systems in place to validate the accuracy and consistency of rating systems, processes, and the estimation of all relevant risk parameters (PD, LGD, conversion factors and EL). A firm must be able to demonstrate to the FSA that the internal validation process enables it to assess the performance of internal rating and risk estimation systems consistently and meaningfully.[Note:BCD Annex VII Part 4 point 110]
BIPRU 4.3.37RRP
A firm must have sound internal standards for situations where deviations in realised PDs, LGDs, conversion factors and, where EL is used, total losses, from expectations become significant enough to call the validity of the estimates into question. These standards must take account of business cycles and similar systematic variability in default and loss experience. Where realised values continue to be higher than expected values, a firm must revise estimates upward to reflect
BIPRU 4.3.73RRP
BIPRU 4.3.74 R to BIPRU 4.3.131 R apply to a firm's own estimates of risk parameters used in the IRB approach.[Note:BCD Annex VII Part 4 point 43]
BIPRU 4.3.74RRP
A firm's own estimates of the risk parameters PD, LGD, conversion factor and EL must incorporate all relevant data, information and methods. The estimates must be derived using both historical experience and empirical evidence, and must not be based purely on judgemental considerations. The estimates must be plausible and intuitive and must be based on the material drivers of the respective risk parameters. The less data a firm has, the more conservative it must be in its estimation.[Note:BCD
BIPRU 4.3.83RRP
A firm must be able to provide a breakdown of its loss experience in terms of default frequency, LGD, conversion factor, or loss where EL estimates are used, by the factors it sees as the drivers of the respective risk parameters. A firm must be able to demonstrate to the FSA that its estimates are representative of long-run experience.[Note:BCD Annex VII Part 4 point 50]
BIPRU 4.3.90RRP
If a firm uses different estimates for the calculation of risk weights and internal purposes it must be documented. The firm must be able to demonstrate to the FSA the reasonableness of such estimates.[Note:BCD Annex VII Part 4 point 55]
BIPRU 4.3.103RRP
A firm must use LGD estimates that are appropriate for an economic downturn if those are more conservative than the long-run average. To the extent a rating system is expected to deliver constant realised LGDs by grade or pool over time, a firm must make adjustments to its estimates of risk parameters by grade or pool to limit the capital impact of an economic downturn.[Note:BCD Annex VII Part 4 point 74]
BIPRU 4.3.127RRP
A firm must use conversion factor estimates that are appropriate for an economic downturn if those are more conservative than the long-run average. To the extent a rating system is expected to deliver realised conversion factors at a constant level by grade or pool over time, a firm must make adjustments to its estimates of risk parameters by grade or pool to limit the capital impact of an economic downturn.[Note:BCD Annex VII Part 4 point 88]
BIPRU 5.4.40RRP
In the tables in BIPRU 5.4.35 R – BIPRU 5.4.38 R and in BIPRU 5.4.41 R to BIPRU 5.4.43 R, the credit quality step with which a credit assessment of the debt security is associated is the credit quality step with which the external credit assessment is associated under the standardised approach. For the purposes of this rule, BIPRU 5.4.7 R also applies.[Note:BCD Annex VIII Part 3 point 38]
BIPRU 5.4.43RRP
For unrated debt securities issued by institutions and satisfying the eligibility criteria in BIPRU 5.4.5 R the volatility adjustments are the same as for securities issued by institutions or corporates with an external credit assessment associated with credit quality steps 2 or 3.[Note:BCD Annex VIII Part 3 point 41]
BIPRU 5.4.47RRP
In determining relevant categories, a firm must take into account the type of issuer of the security the external credit assessment of the securities, their residual maturity, and their modified duration. Volatility estimates must be representative of the securities included in the category by the firm.[Note:BCD Annex VIII Part 3 point 44]
BIPRU 4.4.8RRP
An obligor grade means for the purpose of BIPRU 4 as it applies to the sovereign, institution and corporate IRB exposure class a risk category within a rating system's obligor rating scale, to which obligors are assigned on the basis of a specified and distinct set of rating criteria, from which estimates of PD are derived. A firm must document both the relationship between obligor grades in terms of the level of default risk each grade implies and the criteria used to distinguish
BIPRU 4.4.28RRP
To the extent that a firm associates or maps its internal grades to the scale used by an ECAI or similar organisations and then attributes the default rate observed for the external organisation's grades to the firm's grades, mappings must be based on a comparison of internal rating criteria to the criteria used by the external organisation and on a comparison of the internal and external ratings of any common obligors. Biases or inconsistencies in the mapping approach or underlying
BIPRU 4.4.59RRP
For exposures to companies where the total annual sales for the consolidated group of which the firm is a part is less than EUR 50 million a firm may use the following correlation formula for the calculation of risk weights for corporate exposures. In this formula S is expressed as total annual sales in millions of Euros with EUR 5 million < = S < = EUR 50 million. Reported sales of less than EUR 5 million must be treated as if they were equivalent to EUR 5 million. In accordance
BIPRU 4.8.5RRP
The estimates for determining the risk parameters PD, LGD, conversion factor and EL must reflect all relevant information available to the purchasing firm regarding the quality of the underlying receivables, including data for similar pools provided by the seller, by the purchasing firm, or by external sources. The purchasing firm must evaluate any data relied upon which is provided by the seller.[Note: BCD Annex VII Part 4 point 53]
BIPRU 4.8.12RRP
(1) A firm must monitor both the quality of the purchased receivables and the financial condition of the seller and servicer. In particular a firm must comply with the remaining provisions of this rule.(2) A firm must assess the correlation among the quality of the purchased receivables and the financial condition of both the seller and servicer, and have in place internal policies and procedures that provide adequate safeguards to protect against such contingencies, including
BIPRU 4.8.16RRP
For its corporate exposure purchased receivables a firm must comply with the minimum requirements set out in BIPRU 4.8.11 R - BIPRU 4.8.15 R. For corporate exposure purchased receivables that comply in addition with the conditions set out in BIPRU 4.8.18 R, and where it would be unduly burdensome for a firm to use the risk quantification standards for corporate exposures as set out in the minimum IRB standards for these receivables, the risk quantification standards for retail
BIPRU 9.13.1RRP
Where there is a securitisation of revolving exposures subject to an early amortisation provision, the originator must calculate an additional risk weighted exposure amount in accordance with this section in respect of the risk that the levels of credit risk to which it is exposed may increase following the operation of the early amortisation provision. Accordingly this section sets out how an originator must calculate a risk weighted exposure amount when it sells revolving exposures
BIPRU 9.13.11RRP
The risk weighted exposure amount to be calculated in accordance with BIPRU 9.13.1 R must be determined by multiplying the amount of the investors interest (as defined in BIPRU 9.13.4 R or BIPRU 9.13.6 R) by the product of:(1) the appropriate conversion figure as indicated in BIPRU 9.13.16 R, BIPRU 9.13.19 R or BIPRU 9.13.20 R; and(2) the weighted average risk weight that would apply to the securitised exposures if the exposures had not been securitised.[Note:BCD Annex IX Part
BIPRU 9.12.1RRP
BIPRU 9.12 applies to the calculation of risk weighted exposure amounts of securitisation positions under the IRB approach.[Note:BCD Annex IX Part 4 point 37 (part)]
BIPRU 9.12.20RRP
(1) If:(a) a firm'sIRB permission allows it to use this treatment; and(b) the conditions in (2)(16) are satisfied,a firm may attribute to an unrated position in an asset backed commercial paper programme a derived rating as laid down in (3).(2) Positions in the commercial paper issued from the programme must be rated positions.(3) Under the ABCP internal assessment approach, the unrated position must be assigned by the firm to one of the rating grades described in (5). The position
BIPRU 3.6.18RRP
Notwithstanding BIPRU 3.6.17 R, if a short-term rated facility is assigned a 150% risk weight, then all unrated unsecured exposures on that obligor whether short-term or long-term must also be assigned a 150% risk weight.[Note: BCD Annex VI Part 3 point 14]
BIPRU 3.6.19RRP
Notwithstanding BIPRU 3.6.17 R, if a short-term rated facility is assigned a 50% risk weight, no unrated short-term exposure may be assigned a risk weight lower than 100%.[Note: BCD Annex VI Part 3 point 15]
BIPRU 11.5.11RRP
A firm calculating risk weighted exposure amounts for specialised lending exposures in accordance with BIPRU 4.5.8 R to BIPRU 4.5.10 R or equity exposures in accordance with BIPRU 4.7.9 R to BIPRU 4.7.10 R (the simple risk weight approach) must disclose the exposures assigned:(1) to each category of the table in BIPRU 4.5.9 R; or(2) to each risk weight mentioned in BIPRU 4.7.9 R to BIPRU 4.7.10 R.[Note: BCD Annex XII Part 2 point 8]
BIPRU 11.5.17RRP
A firm calculating risk weighted exposure amounts in accordance with BIPRU 9 must disclose the following information:(1) a description of the firm's objectives in relation to securitisation activity;(2) the roles played by the firm in the securitisation process;(3) an indication of the extent of the firm's involvement in each of them;(4) the approaches to calculating risk weighted exposure amounts that the firm follows for its securitisation activities;(5) a summary of the firm's
BIPRU 9.8.1RRP
The use of ECAIs' credit assessments for the calculation of a firm'srisk weighted exposure amounts under BIPRU 9 must be consistent and in accordance with BIPRU 9.8.2 RBIPRU 9.8.7 R. Credit assessments must not be used selectively.[Note:BCD Article 99]
BIPRU 9.8.2RRP
A firm may nominate one or more eligible ECAIs the credit assessments of which must be used in the calculation of its risk weighted exposure amounts under BIPRU 9 (a nominated ECAI).[Note:BCD Annex IX Part 3 point 2]
BIPRU 11.6.3RRP
For the purposes of BIPRU 11.6.1 R (4), where a firm uses its own estimates of LGDs or conversion factors for the calculation of risk weighted exposure amounts for exposures falling into the sovereign, institution and corporate IRB exposure class1, the firm must disclose those exposures separately from exposures for which it does not use such estimates.[Note: BCD Annex XII Part 3 point 1 (part)]
BIPRU 11.6.4RRP
For the purposes of BIPRU 11.6.1 R (9), where appropriate, a firm must further decompose the information to provide analysis of PD and, for a firm using own estimates of LGDs and/or conversion factors, LGD and conversion factor outcomes against estimates provided in the quantitative risk assessment disclosures under BIPRU 11.6.1 R to BIPRU 11.6.4 R.[Note: BCD Annex XII Part 3 point 1 (part)]
BIPRU 11.6.5RRP
A firm applying credit risk mitigation techniques must disclose the following information:(1) the policies and processes for, and an indication of the extent to which the firm makes use of, on- and off-balance sheet netting;(2) the policies and processes for collateral valuation and management;(3) a description of the main types of collateral taken by the firm;(4) the main types of guarantor and credit derivative counterparty and their creditworthiness;(5) information about market
BIPRU 9.14.3RRP
Where a firm uses the supervisory formula method to calculate the risk weighted exposure amounts of securitisation positions, the firm may recognise credit risk mitigation in accordance with BIPRU 9.14.4 R to BIPRU 9.14.5 R and BIPRU 9.14.7 R to BIPRU 9.14.13 R.[Note:BCD Annex IX Part 4 point 54]
BIPRU 9.10.7RRP
For the purposes of BIPRU 9.10.2 R (as it applies to the IRB approach):(1) the exposure value of the position may be derived from the risk weighted exposure amounts taking into account any reductions made in accordance with BIPRU 9.10.4 RBIPRU 9.10.6 R;(2) where the supervisory formula method is used to calculate risk weighted exposure amounts and L KIRBR and [L+T] > KIRBR the position may be treated as two positions with L equal to KIRBR for the more senior of the positions.[Note:BCD
BIPRU 9.6.1RRP
An originator which, in respect of a securitisation, has made use of BIPRU 9.3.1 R in the calculation of risk weighted exposure amounts, or a sponsor, must not, with a view to reducing potential or actual losses to investors, provide support to the securitisation beyond its contractual obligations.[Note: BCD Article 101(1)]
BIPRU 9.1.6RRP
The risks arising from securitisation transactions in relation to which a firm is originator or sponsor must be evaluated and addressed through appropriate policies and procedures, to ensure in particular that the economic substance of the transaction is fully reflected in the risk assessment and management decisions.[Note:BCD Annex V point 8]
BIPRU 3.7.2RRP

This table belongs to BIPRU 3.7.1 R

[Note: BCD Annex II]

Category

Item

Percentage

Full risk

Guarantees having the character of credit substitutes

Credit derivatives

Acceptances

Endorsements on bills not bearing the name of another credit institution

Transactions with recourse

Irrevocable standby letters of credit having the character of credit substitutes

Assets purchased under outright forward purchase agreements

Forward deposits

The unpaid portion of partly-paid shares and securities

Asset sale and repurchase agreements as defined in Article 12(3) and (5) of the Bank Accounts Directive

Other items also carrying full risk

100%

Medium risk

Documentary credits issued and confirmed (see also medium/low risk).

Warranties and indemnities (including tender, performance, customs and tax bonds) and guarantees not having the character of credit substitutes.

Irrevocable standby letters of credit not having the character of credit substitutes.

Undrawn credit facilities (agreements to lend, purchase securities, provide guarantees or acceptance facilities) with an original maturity of more than one year.

Note issuance facilities (NIFs) and revolving underwriting facilities (RUFs).

50%

Medium/low risk

Documentary credits in which underlying shipment acts as collateral and other self-liquidating transactions.

Undrawn credit facilities (agreements to lend, purchase securities, provide guarantees or acceptance facilities) with an original maturity of up to and including one year which may not be cancelled unconditionally at any time without notice or that do not effectively provide for automatic cancellation due to deterioration in a borrower's creditworthiness.

20%

Low risk

Undrawn credit facilities (agreements to lend, purchase securities, provide guarantees or acceptance facilities) which may be cancelled unconditionally at any time without notice, or that do effectively provide for automatic cancellation due to deterioration in a borrower's creditworthiness. Retail credit lines may be considered as unconditionally cancellable if the terms permit the firm to cancel them to the full extent allowable under consumer protection and related legislation.

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