close links
- (1) (in relation to MiFID businessor in FUND) a situation in which two or more persons are linked by:
- (a) participation which means the ownership, direct or by way of control, of 20% or more of the voting rights or capital of an undertaking;
- (b) control which means the relationship between a parent undertaking and a subsidiary, in all the cases referred to in Article 1(1) and (2) of Directive 83/349/EEC, or a similar relationship between any person and an undertaking, any subsidiary undertaking of a subsidiary undertaking also being considered a subsidiary of the parent undertaking which is at the head of those undertakings.
- (2) (except where (1) applies and except in SUP 3 (Auditors) and SUP 4 (Actuaries)) (in accordance with paragraph 3(2) in Schedule 6 to the Act (Close links)) the relationship between a person ("A") and another person ("CL") which exists if:
- (a) CL is a parent undertaking of A; or
- (b) CL is a subsidiary undertaking of A; or
- (c) CL is a parent undertaking of a subsidiary undertaking of A; or
- (d) CL is a subsidiary undertaking of a parent undertaking of A; or
- (e) CL owns or controls 20% or more of the voting rights or capital of A; or
- (f) A owns or controls 20% or more of the voting rights or capital of CL.
A situation in which two or more persons are permanently linked to one and the same person by a control relationship is also to be regarded as constituting a close link between such persons.
[Note: article 4(1)
(31) of MIFID
and article 4(1)(e) of AIFMD]