LR 5.6 Reverse takeovers

For the purpose of LR 5.6.4R (2), the FCA considers that the following factors are indicators of a fundamental change:

1. (1)

   the extent to which the transaction will change the strategic direction or nature of its business; or

2. (2)

   whether its business will be part of a different industry sector following the completion of the transaction; or

3. (3)

   whether its business will deal with fundamentally different suppliers and end users.

Examples of where the FCA will consider that a reverse takeover is in contemplation include situations where:

1. (1)

   the shell company6 has approached the target's board;

2. (2)

   the shell company6 has entered into an exclusivity period with a target; or

3. (3)

   the shell company6 has been given access to begin due diligence work (whether or not on a limited basis).

Generally, when a reverse takeover between a shell company and a target6 is announced or leaked, there will be insufficient publicly available information about the proposed transaction and the shell company6 will be unable to assess accurately its financial position and inform the market accordingly. In this case, the FCA will often consider that suspension will be appropriate, as set out in LR 5.1.2G (3) and (4). However, if the FCA is satisfied that there is sufficient publicly available information about the proposed transaction it may agree with the shell company6 that a suspension is not required.

LR 5.6.10G to LR 5.6.18 R set out circumstances in which the FCA will generally be satisfied that a suspension is not required.

The FCA will generally be satisfied that there is sufficient information in the market about the propos ed transaction if:

1. (1)

   the target has shares or certificates representing equity securities admitted to a regulated market; and

2. (2)

   the shell company6 makes an announcement stating that the target has complied with the disclosure requirements applicable on that regulated market and providing details of where information disclosed pursuant to those requirements can be obtained.

The FCA will generally be satisfied that there is sufficient publicly available information in the market about the proposed transaction if the target has securities admitted to an investment exchange or trading platform that is not a regulated market and the shell company6:

1. (1)

   confirms, in a form acceptable to the FCA, that the disclosure requirements in relation to financial information and inside information of the investment exchange or trading platform on which the target's securities are admitted are not materially different from the disclosure requirements4; and

2. (2)

   makes an announcement to the effect that:

   1. (a)

      the target has complied with the disclosure requirements applicable on the investment exchange or trading platform to which its securities are admitted and provides details of where information disclosed pursuant to those requirements can be obtained; and

   2. (b)

      there are no material differences between those disclosure requirements and the disclosure requirements under DTR.

Where the target in a reverse takeover by a shell company6 is not subject to a public disclosure regime, or if the target has securities admitted on an investment exchange or trading platform that is not a regulated market but the shell company6 is not able to give the confirmation and make the announcement contemplated by LR 5.6.12 G, the FCA will generally be satisfied that there is sufficient publicly available information in the market about the proposed transaction such that a suspension is not required where the shell company6 makes an announcement containing:

1. (1)

   financial information on the target covering the last three years. Generally, the FCA would consider the following information to be sufficient:

   1. (a)

      profit and loss information to at least operating profit level;

   2. (b)

      balance sheet information, highlighting at least net assets and liabilities;

   3. (c)

      relevant cash flow information; and

   4. (d)

      a description of the key differences between the shell company's6 accounting policies and the policies used to present the financial information on the target;

2. (2)

   a description of the target to include key non-financial operating or performance measures appropriate to the target's business operations and the information as required under PR Appendix 3 Annex 1 item 12 (Trend information) for the target;

3. (3)

   a declaration that the directors of the shell company6 consider that the announcement contains sufficient information about the business to be acquired to provide a properly informed basis for assessing its financial position; and

4. (4)

   a declaration2 confirming that the shell company6 has made the necessary arrangements with the target vendors to enable it to keep the market informed without delay of any developments concerning the target that would be required to be released were the target part of the shell company6.

   2

The FCA will generally seek to cancel the listing of an issuer's equity shares or certificates representing equity securities when the issuer completes a reverse takeover.

LR 5.6.23 G to LR 5.6.29 G set out circumstances in which the FCA will generally be satisfied that a cancellation is not required.

Notwithstanding LR 5.6.21 R, financial information provided in relation to the target will need to satisfy LR 6.2.1R(3) and LR 6.2.4R(2)6.

Where an issuer acquires the shares or certificates representing equity securities of a target with a different listing category from its own and the issuer wishes to maintain its existing listing category, the FCA will generally be satisfied that a cancellation is not required on completion of a reverse takeover if:

1. (1)

   the issuer will continue to be eligible for its existing listing category following completion of the transaction;

2. (2)

   the issuer provides an eligibility letter setting out how the issuer as enlarged by the acquisition satisfies each listing rule requirement that is relevant to it being eligible for its existing listing category; and

3. (3)

   the issuer makes an announcement or publishes a circular explaining:

   1. (a)

      the background and reasons for the acquisition;

   2. (b)

      any changes to the acquiring issuer's business that have been made or are proposed to be made in connection with the acquisition;

   3. (c)

      the effect of the transaction on the acquiring issuer's obligations under the listing rules;

   4. (d)

      (where appropriate) how the acquiring issuer will continue to meet the eligibility requirements referred to in LR 5.6.21 R; and

   5. (e)

      any other matter that the FCA may reasonably require.

The FCA will generally be satisfied that a cancellation is not required on completion of a reverse takeover if the target is listed with a different listing category from that of the issuer and the issuer wishes to transfer its listing to a different listing category in conjunction with the acquisition and the issuer as enlarged by the relevant acquisition complies with the relevant requirements of LR 5.4A to transfer to a different listing category.

An issuer wishing to transfer a listing of its equity shares from a premium listing (investment company) to a standard listing (shares) should note LR 5.4A.2 G which sets out limitations resulting from the application of LR 14.1.1 R (application of the listing rules to a company with or applying for a standard listing of shares).

Where an issuer is applying LR 5.4A in order to avoid a cancellation as contemplated by LR 5.6.27 G, the FCA will normally waive the requirement for shareholder approval under LR 5.4A.4R (2)(c) where the issuer is obtaining separate shareholder approval for the acquisition.