The purpose of GEN 2.1.2, GEN 2.1.3 P, GEN 2.1.4 E, GEN 2.1.5 D and GEN 2.1.6 G is to ensure that GEN 2 applies throughout the Handbook.

This chapter is also relevant to every person to whom any other guidance (or other provision with the status letter "G" in the margin or heading) in the Handbook is relevant as if the rules in this chapter were part of that guidance (or other provision).

The effect of GEN 2.1.8 R is that this chapter applies with respect to those provisions in DISP 2 (Jurisdiction of the Financial Ombudsman Service), DISP 3 (Complaint handling procedures of the Financial Ombudsman Service), DISP 4 (Standard terms) and DISP 5 (Financial Ombudsman Service Funding Rules) made by FOS Ltd.

The purpose of GEN 2 is to facilitate interpretation of the Handbook, in conjunction with the Reader's Guide.

The purpose of any provision in the Handbook is to be gathered first and foremost from the text of the provision in question and its context among other relevant provisions. The guidance given on the purpose of a provision is intended as an explanation to assist readers of the Handbook. As such, guidance may assist the reader in assessing the purpose of the provision, but it should not be taken as a complete or definitive explanation of a provision's purpose.

1. (1)

   The rules to which section 149of the Act applies ("evidential provisions") are identified in the Handbook by the status letter "E" in the margin or heading.

2. (2)

   Other provisions in the Handbook, although also identified by the status letter "E" in the margin or heading, are actually not rules but provisions in codes and GEN 2.2.3 R does not apply to them. These code provisions are GEN 2.1.4 E, and those provisions in the Code of Practice for Approved Persons (APER 3 and APER 4) and the Code of Market Conduct (MAR 1) with the status letter "E".

Chapter 6 of the Reader's Guide contains an explanation of the significance of the status letters R, D, P, C, E and G, and includes further information on evidential provisions.1

Expressions with defined meanings appear in italics in the Handbook.

Examples of related expressions are:

1. (1)

   "advice on investments" and "advise on investments", which should be interpreted by reference to "advising on investments";

2. (2)

   "closely linked", which should be interpreted by reference to "close links";

3. (3)

   "controls" and "controlled", which should be interpreted by reference to "control"; and

4. (4)

   "effect", as for example in "effect a life policy", which should be interpreted by reference to "effecting contracts of insurance".

Unless the context otherwise requires, where italics have not been used, an expression bears its natural meaning (subject to the Interpretation Act 1978; see GEN 2.2.11 R to GEN 2.2.12 G).

The Interim Prudential sourcebooks (IPRU) have individual arrangements for defined terms and each contains rules or guidance on its own arrangements. In respect of those sourcebooks, reliance should not be placed on the definitions which appear in the Glossary unless otherwise indicated.

The application of the Interpretation Act 1978 to the Handbook has the effect, in particular, that:

1. (1)

   expressions in the Handbook used in the Act have the meanings which they bear in the Act, unless the contrary intention appears;

2. (2)

   where reference is made in the Handbook to an enactment, it is a reference to that enactment as amended and includes a reference to that provision as extended or applied by or under any other enactment, unless the contrary intention appears; and

3. (3)

   unless the contrary intention appears:

   1. (a)

      words in the Handbook importing the masculine gender include the feminine and words importing the feminine gender include the masculine;

   2. (b)

      words in the Handbook in the singular include the plural and words in the plural include the singular.

GEN 2.2.14 R means that, for example, electronic media may be used to make communications which are required by a provision of the Handbook to be "in writing", unless a contrary intention appears, or the use of electronic media would contravene some other requirement such as the requirement to treat customers fairly under Principle 6. COB 1.8 (Application to electronic media) contains further guidance in respect of electronic communication with or for customers. GEN 2.2.14 R does not, however, affect any other legal requirement which may apply in relation to the form or manner of executing a document or agreement.

"Document" is a defined term in the Glossary, the definition of which includes information recorded in any form, including electronic form.

In principle, it is possible to view a change of partners in a partnership, or a change in the membership of the unincorporated association, as the formation of a new partnership or association. GEN 2.2.18 R reflects section 32 of the Act (Partnerships and unincorporated associations), which provides for the continuing authorisation of partnerships and unincorporated associations following a change in partners or members GEN 2.2.18 R ensures a similar effect in relation to the status of the partnership or unincorporated associations as a "firm" or "authorised person" for the purposes of the Handbook. This continuity does not apply if a limited liability partnership succeeds to the business of a dissolved partnership; authorisation of the limited liability partnership would need to be applied for.

In the Glossary, the definition of designated investment exchange lists certain investment exchanges. Further information on designated investment exchanges, including guidance on the addition of an investment exchange to the list, is set out in GEN 2 Annex 1 G and the obligation to pay the application fee is set out in GEN 2 Annex 23.