Section 40(1) of the Act (Application for permission) allows an application to be made to the FSA for Part IV permission by an individual, a body corporate, a partnership or an unincorporated association. However, in the case of the regulated activities of accepting deposits and effecting or carrying out contracts of insurance, article 1 of the Banking Consolidation Directive and article 8(1) of the First Non-Life Directive and ofthe First Life Directive place further limits on the legal forms a firm may take. The Act implements the provisions of the directives and extends some of these limits to firms that are outside the scope of the directives.

The words "or issuing electronic money" in paragraph 1(2) of Schedule 6 to the Act were added by the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Regulated Activities) (Amendment) Order 2002 with effect from 27 April 2002.1

Threshold condition 2(1) and (2) (Location of offices), implement the requirements of article 6 of the Post BCCI Directive and article 5(4) of MiFID3 and threshold condition 2(3) and (4) implements article 2.9 of the Insurance Mediation Directive, although the Act extends threshold condition 2 to firms which are outside the scope of the Single Market Directives and the UCITS Directive.1

Neither the Post BCCI Directive, MiFID,3 the Insurance Mediation Directive nor the Act define what is meant by a firm's 'head office'. This is not necessarily the firm's place of incorporation or the place where its business is wholly or mainly carried on. Although the FSA will judge each application on a case-by-case basis, the key issue in identifying the head office of a firm is the location of its central management and control, that is, the location of: 1

1. (1)

   the directors and other senior management, who make decisions relating to the firm's central direction, and the material management decisions of the firm on a day-to-day basis; and

2. (2)

   the central administrative functions of the firm (for example, central compliance, internal audit).

Threshold condition 2A (Appointment of claims representatives), provides that if it appears to the FSA that any person is seeking to carry on, or carrying on, motor vehicle liability insurance business, that person must have a claims representative4 in each EEA State other than the United Kingdom.1

Rules and guidance concerning a motor vehicle liability insurer's obligations in relation to the appointment of its claims representatives4, and the responsibilities and duties that the motor vehicle liability insurer must give to, or impose on, its claims representatives 4are set out in ICOBS 8.4.4

Threshold condition 3 (Close links) implements requirements of the Post BCCI Directive, but the Act extends this condition to firms from outside the EEA and other firms which are outside the scope of the Single Market Directives and the UCITS Directive.

In assessing this threshold condition, factors which the FSA will take into consideration include, among other things, whether:

1. (1)

   it is likely that the FSA will receive adequate information from the firm, and those persons with whom the firm has close links, to enable it to determine whether the firm is complying with the requirements and standards under the regulatory system and to identify and assess the impact on the regulatory objectives in section 2 of the Act (The FSA's general duties); this will include consideration of whether the firm is ready, willing and organised to comply with Principle 11 (Relations with regulators and the rules in SUP on the provision of information to the FSA;

2. (2)

   the structure and geographical spread of the firm, the group to which it belongs and other persons with whom the firm has close links, might hinder the provision of adequate and reliable flows of information to the FSA; factors which may hinder these flows include the fact there may be branches or connected companies in territories which supervise companies to a different standard or territories with laws which restrict the free flow of information, although the FSA will consider the totality of information available from all sources;

3. (3)

   the firm and the group to which it belongs are, or will be, subject to supervision on a consolidated basis (consolidated supervision) (for example, if a financial resources requirement is determined for the group as a whole); and

4. (4)

   it is possible to assess with confidence the overall financial position of the group at any particular time; factors which may make this difficult include lack of audited consolidated accounts for a group, if companies in the same group as the firm have different financial years and accounting dates and if they do not share common auditors.

When assessing whether the firm will satisfy and continue to satisfy this threshold condition, the FSA will have regard to all relevant matters, whether arising in the United Kingdom or elsewhere.

The FSA will take into account relevant matters only in so far as they are significant (see COND 1.3.3 G). In determining the weight to be given to any relevant matter, the FSA will consider its significance in the context of its ability to supervise the firm adequately, having regard to the regulatory objectives in section 2 of the Act. In this context, a series of matters may be significant when taken together, even though each of them in isolation might not give serious cause for concern.

1. (1)

   Section 420(1) of the Act (Parent and subsidiary undertaking) states that, except in relation to an incorporated friendly society, 'parent undertaking' and 'subsidiary undertaking' have the same meaning as in Part VII of the Companies Act 1985 or Part VIII of the Companies (Northern Ireland) Order 1986. These are the cases referred to in COND 2.3.7 G (1)(a) to (f).

2. (2)

   Section 420(2) of the Act supplements these definitions in two ways; these are the cases referred to in COND 2.3.7 G (1)(g) and (h).

3. (3)

   Paragraph 3(3)of Schedule 6 to the Act extends the meaning of 'subsidiary undertaking' for the purposes of threshold condition 3 (Close links) to all the cases in articles 1(1) and (2) of the Seventh Company Law Directive in which one undertaking may be a subsidiary of another undertaking (see COND 2.3.11 G).

1. (1)

   For the purposes of threshold condition 3 (Close links) and except in relation to an incorporated friendly society, an undertaking is a parent undertaking of another undertaking (a subsidiary undertaking) if any of the following apply to it:

   1. (a)

      it holds a majority of the voting rights in the subsidiary undertaking; or

   2. (b)

      it is a member of the subsidiary undertaking and has the right to appoint or remove a majority of its board of directors; or

   3. (c)

      it has the right to exercise a dominant influence over the subsidiary undertaking through:

      1. (i)

         provisions contained in the subsidiary undertaking's memorandum or articles; or

      2. (ii)

         a control contract; or

   4. (d)

      it is a member of the subsidiary undertaking and controls alone, under an agreement with other shareholders or members, a majority of the voting rights in the subsidiary undertaking; or

   5. (e)

      it has a participating interest (as defined in section 260 of the Companies Act 1985(Participating interests)) in the subsidiary undertaking and:

      1. (i)

         actually exercises a dominant influence over it; or

      2. (ii)

         it and the subsidiary undertaking are managed on a unified basis; or

   6. (f)

      it is a parent undertaking of a parent undertaking of the subsidiary undertaking; or

   7. (g)

      it is an individual and would be a parent undertaking if it were an undertaking; or

   8. (h)

      it is incorporated in or formed under the law of another EEA State and is a parent undertaking within the meaning of any rule of law in that State for purposes connected with implementation of the Seventh Company Law Directive.

2. (2)

   A flowchart of COND 2.3.7 G (1) is set out in COND 2 Annex 1.

1. (1)

   In relation to COND 2.3.7 G (1)(b) and (d), an undertaking is treated as a member of another undertaking if any of its subsidiary undertakings is a member of that undertaking, or if any shares in that other undertaking are held by a person acting on behalf of the undertaking or any of its subsidiary undertakings.

2. (2)

   In relation to COND 2.3.7 G (1)(e), a 'participating interest' means an interest held by an undertaking in the shares of another undertaking which it holds on a long-term basis, for the purpose of securing a contribution to its activities by the exercise of control or influence arising from or related to that interest. A holding of 20% or more of the shares of an undertaking is presumed to be a participating interest unless the contrary is shown. Examples of interests of a temporary nature which do not constitute participating interests for the purpose of this control relationship include market-makers' holdings in a trading book.

3. (3)

   Section 260(4) of the Companies Act 1985states that an interest held on behalf of an undertaking is treated as held by it. Thus, if the chain of ownership includes a trust, the FSA will treat the trustees as legal owners when determining whether it considers there to be a close link. The beneficiaries or settlors of a trust (or both) may also come within the scope of these provisions, depending on the terms of the trust. However, the FSA will consider each case on its merits.

The provisions of Schedule 10Ato the Companies Act 1985(Parent and subsidiary undertakings supplementary provisions) explain and supplement the provisions of section 258 in Part VIIof the Companies Act 1985(outlined in COND 2.3.7 G (1)(a) to (f)).

Section 420(3) of the Act (Parent and subsidiary undertaking) (supplemented by paragraph 3(3) of Schedule 6 to the Act) states that an incorporated friendly society is a parent undertaking of another body corporate (a subsidiary undertaking) if it has the following relationship to it:

1. (1)

   it holds a majority of the voting rights in the subsidiary undertaking; or

2. (2)

   it is a member of the subsidiary undertaking and has the right to appoint or remove a majority of the subsidiary undertaking's board of directors; or

3. (3)

   it is a member of the subsidiary undertaking and controls alone, under an agreement with other shareholders or members, a majority of the voting rights in it.

For the purposes of this threshold condition 3 (Close links), an undertaking is a subsidiary undertaking of another undertaking if:

1. (1)

   the other undertaking (its parent) is a member of the undertaking;

2. (2)

   a majority of the undertaking's board of directors who have held office during the financial year and during the preceding financial year have been appointed solely as a result of the exercise of the parent's voting rights; and

3. (3)

   no one else is the parent undertaking of the undertaking under COND 2.3.7 G (1)(a) or COND 2.3.10 G (1).

The guidance in COND 2.3 is not comprehensive and is not a substitute for consulting the relevant legislation, for example the Companies Act 1985, the Companies (Northern Ireland) Order 1986, the Friendly Societies Act 1992 and the Seventh Company Law Directive, or obtaining appropriate professional advice.

1. (1)

   Threshold condition 4 (Adequate resources), requires the FSA to ensure that a firm has adequate resources in relation to the specific regulated activity or regulated activities which it seeks to carry on, or carries on.

2. (2)

   In this context, the FSA will interpret the term 'adequate' as meaning sufficient in terms of quantity, quality and availability, and 'resources' as including all financial resources, non-financial resources and means of managing its resources; for example, capital, provisions against liabilities, holdings of or access to cash and other liquid assets, human resources and effective means by which to manage risks.

3. (3)

   High level systems and control requirements are in SYSC. Detailed financial resources and systems requirements are in the relevant section of the Prudential Standards part of the Handbook53, including specific provisions for particular types of regulated activity. The FSA will consider whether the firm is ready, willing and organised to comply with these requirements when assessing if it has adequate resources for the purposes of this threshold condition.

   5

1. (1)

   When assessing this threshold condition, the FSA may have regard to any person appearing to it to be, or likely to be, in a relevant relationship with the firm, in accordance with section 49 of the Act (Persons connected with an applicant); for example, a firm's controllers, its directors or partners, other persons with close links to the firm (see COND 2.3), and other persons that exert influence on the firm which might pose a risk to the firm's satisfaction of the threshold conditions and would, therefore, be in a relevant relationship with the firm.

2. (2)

   In particular, although it is the firm that is being assessed, the FSA may take into consideration the impact of other members of the firm's group on the adequacy of its resources. For example, the FSA may assess the consolidated solvency of the group. The FSA's approach to the consolidated supervision of a firm and its group, is in the relevant part of the Prudential Standards part of the Handbook53.

   5

1. (1)

   When assessing whether a firm will satisfy and continue to satisfy threshold condition 4, the FSA will have regard to all relevant matters, whether arising in the United Kingdom or elsewhere.

2. (2)

   Relevant matters may include but are not limited to:

   1. (a)

      whether there are any indications that the firm may have difficulties if the application is granted (see COND 2.4.6 G), at the time of the grant or in the future, in complying with any of the FSA'sprudential rules (see the relevant part of the Prudential Standards part of the Handbook53);

      5
   2. (b)

      whether there are any indications that the firm will not be able to meet its debts as they fall due;

   3. (c)

      whether there are any implications for the adequacy of the firm's resources arising from the history of the firm; for example, whether the firm has:

      1. (i)

         been adjudged bankrupt; or

      2. (ii)

         entered into liquidation; or

      3. (iii)

         been the subject of a receiving or administration order; or

      4. (iv)

         had a bankruptcy or winding-up petition served on it; or

      5. (v)

         had its estate sequestrated; or

      6. (vi)

         entered into a deed of arrangement or an individual voluntary agreement (or in Scotland, a trust deed) or other composition in favour of its creditors, or is doing so; or

      7. (vii)

         within the last ten years, failed to satisfy a judgment debt under a court order, whether in the United Kingdom or elsewhere;

   4. (d)

      whether the firm has taken reasonable steps to identify and measure any risks of regulatory concern that it may encounter in conducting its business (see COND 2.4.6 G) and has installed appropriate systems and controls and appointed appropriate human resources to measure them prudently at all times.; see SYSC 3.1 (Systems and Controls), SYSC 3.2 (Areas covered by systems and controls) and SYSC 4.1.1 R (Organisational requirements)4; and

      4
   5. (e)

      whether the firm has conducted enquiries into the financial services sector in which it intends to conduct business (see COND 2.4.6 G) that are sufficient to satisfy itself that:

      1. (i)

         it has access to adequate capital, by reference to the FSA's prudential requirements, to support the business including any losses which may be expected during its start-up period; and

      2. (ii)

         Client money, deposits, custody assets and policyholders' rights will not be placed at risk if the business fails.

3. (3)

   In the context of threshold condition 4 (Adequate resources), the FSA will only take into account relevant matters which are material (see COND 1.3.3 G). The FSA will consider the materiality of each relevant matter in relation to the regulated activities for which the firm has, or will have, permission, having regard to the regulatory objectives in section 2 of the Act (The FSA's general duties). It should be noted that a series of matters may be significant when taken together, even if each of them in isolation might not be significant.

4. (4)

   In making its assessment, the FSA will consider the individual circumstances of each firm on a case-by-case basis.1

In complying with SYSC44 (Systems and controls), a firm should plan its business appropriately so that it is able to identify, measure and manage the likely risks of regulatory concern it will face (SYSC 3.2.17 G (Business strategy) and SYSC 7 (Risk Control)4).

1. (1)

   Any newly-formed firm can be susceptible to early difficulties. These difficulties could arise from a lack of relevant expertise and judgment, or from ill-constructed and insufficiently tested business strategies. A firm may also be susceptible to difficulties where it substantially changes its business activities.

2. (2)

   As a result, the FSA would expect a firm which is applying for Part IV permission, or a substantial variation of that permission, to take adequate steps to satisfy itself and, if relevant, the FSA that:

   1. (a)

      it has a well constructed business plan or strategy plan for its product or service which demonstrates that it is ready, willing and organised to comply with the relevant requirements in the Prudential Standards part of the Handbook53 and SYSC that apply to the regulated activity it is seeking to carry on;

      5
   2. (b)

      its business plan or strategy plan has been sufficiently tested; and

   3. (c)

      the financial and other resources of the firm are commensurate with the likely risks it will face.

3. (3)

   The FSA would expect the level of detail in a firm's business plan or strategy plan in (2) to be appropriate to the complexity of the firm's proposed regulated activities and unregulated activities and the risks of regulatory concern it is likely to face (see SYSC 3.2.11 G (Management information) and SYSC 7 (Risk control)4. Notes on the contents of a business plan are given in the business plan section of the application pack for Part IV permission. A firm requiring specific guidance on the contents and level of detail of its business plan should contact the Firm Contact Centre (020 7066 3954)6, or, if relevant, its usual supervisory contact at the FSA, or seek professional assistance.3

   6

1. (1)

   Threshold condition 5 (Suitability), requires the firm to satisfy the FSA that it is 'fit and proper' to have Part IV permission having regard to all the circumstances, including its connections with other persons, the range and nature of its proposed (or current) regulated activities and the overall need to be satisfied that its affairs are and will be conducted soundly and prudently (see also PRIN and SYSC).

2. (2)

   The FSA will also take into consideration anything that could influence a firm's continuing ability to satisfy this threshold condition. Examples include the firm's position within a UK or international group, information provided by overseas regulators about the firm, and the firm's plans to seek to vary its Part IV permission to carry on additional regulated activities once it has been granted that permission by the FSA.

1. (1)

   The emphasis of this threshold condition is on the suitability of the firm itself. The suitability of each person who performs a controlled function will be assessed by the FSA under the approved persons regime (see SUP 10 (Approved persons) and FIT). In certain circumstances, however, the FSA may consider that the firm is not suitable because of doubts over the individual or collective suitability of persons connected with the firm.

   8
2. (2)

   When assessing this threshold condition in relation to a firm, the FSA may have regard to any person appearing to it to be, or likely to be, in a relevant relationship with the firm, as permitted by section 49 of the Act (Persons connected with an applicant) (see COND 2.4.3 G).

3. (3)

   In relation to a firm which is an EEA regulated entity, the Financial Groups Directive provides that the FSA should consult other competent authorities when assessing the suitability of the shareholders and the reputation and experience of directors involved in the management of another entity in the same group.2

1. (1)

   When determining whether the firm will satisfy and continue to satisfy threshold condition 5, the FSA will have regard to all relevant matters, whether arising in the United Kingdom or elsewhere.

2. (2)

   Relevant matters include, but are not limited to, whether a firm:

   1. (a)

      conducts, or will conduct, its business with integrity and in compliance with proper standards;

   2. (b)

      has, or will have, a competent and prudent management; and

   3. (c)

      can demonstrate that it conducts, or will conduct, its affairs with the exercise of due skill, care and diligence.

3. (3)

   The FSA will take into account relevant matters only to the extent that they are significant (see COND 1.3.3 G). In determining whether relevant matters are significant to the firm, the FSA will consider significance in the context of the suitability of the firm, having regard to the regulatory objectives in section 2 of the Act (The FSA's general duties); a series of matters may be significant when taken together, even if each of them in isolation may not be significant.

4. (4)

   In making its assessment, the FSA will, therefore, consider the individual circumstances of each firm on a case-by-case basis.

Where a firm is applying for Part IV permission or a substantial variation of that permission, the guidance in COND 2.4.6 G is relevant. For the purpose of threshold condition 5, however, the FSA would expect the firm's business plan or strategy plan to take into account the interests of consumers and demonstrate that it is ready, willing and organised to comply with the relevant requirements in the Handbook that apply to the regulated activity it is seeking to carry on.

In determining whether a firm will satisfy, and continue to satisfy, threshold condition 5 in respect of conducting its business with integrity and in compliance with proper standards, the relevant matters, as referred to in COND 2.5.4 G (2), may include but are not limited to whether:

1. (1)

   the firm has been open and co-operative in all its dealings with the FSA and any other regulatory body (see Principle 11 (Relations with regulators)) and is ready, willing and organised to comply with the requirements and standards under the regulatory system and other legal, regulatory and professional obligations; the relevant requirements and standards will depend on the circumstances of each case, including the regulated activities which the firm has permission, or is seeking permission, to carry on;

2. (2)

   the firm has been convicted, or is connected with a person who has been convicted, of any criminal offence; this must include, where provided for by the Exceptions Order to the Rehabilitation of Offenders Act 1974 , any spent convictions; particular consideration will be given to offences of dishonesty, fraud, financial crime or an offence whether or not in the United Kingdom or other offences under legislation relating to companies, building societies, industrial and provident societies, credit unions, friendly societies, banking and or other financial services, insolvency, consumer credit companies, insurance, and consumer protection, money laundering, market manipulation or insider dealing8;

   8
3. (3)

   the firm has been the subject of, or connected to the subject of, any existing or previous investigation or enforcement proceedings by the FSA, the Society of Lloyd's or by other regulatory authorities (including the FSA's predecessors), clearing houses or exchanges, professional bodies or government bodies or agencies; the FSA will, however, take both the nature of the firm's involvement in, and the outcome of, any investigation or enforcement proceedings into account in determining whether it is a relevant matter;

4. (4)

   the firm has contravened, or is connected with a person who has contravened, any provisions of the Act or any preceding financial services legislation, the regulatory system or the rules, regulations, statements of principles or codes of practice (for example the Society of Lloyd's Codes) of other regulatory authorities (including the FSA's predecessors), clearing houses or exchanges, professional bodies, or government bodies or agencies or relevant industry standards (such as the Non-Investment Products Code); the FSA will, however, take into account both the status of codes of practice or relevant industry standards and the nature of the contravention (for example, whether a firm has flouted or ignored a particular code);

5. (5)

   the firm, or a person connected with the firm, has been refused registration, authorisation, membership or licence to carry out a trade, business or profession or has had that registration, authorisation, membership or licence revoked, withdrawn or terminated, or has been expelled by a regulatory or government body; whether the FSA considers such a refusal relevant will depend on the circumstances;

6. (6)

   the firm has taken reasonable care to establish and maintain effective systems and controls for compliance with applicable requirements and standards under the regulatory system that apply to the firm and the regulated activities for which it has, or will have, permission (see SYSC 3.2.6 R to SYSC 3.2.8 R (Compliance) and SYSC 6.1.1 R to SYSC 6.1.5 R7);

7. (7)

   the firm has put in place procedures which are reasonably designed to:

   1. (a)

      ensure that it has made its employees aware of, and compliant with, those requirements and standards under the regulatory system that apply to the firm and the regulated activities for which it has, or will have permission;

   2. (b)

      ensure that its approved persons (whether or not employed by the firm) are aware of those requirements and standards under the regulatory system applicable to them

   3. (c)

      determine that its employees are acting in a way compatible with the firm adhering to those requirements and standards; and

   4. (d)

      determine that its approved persons are adhering to those requirements and standards;

8. (8)

   the firm or a person connected with the firm has been dismissed from employment or a position of trust, fiduciary relationship or similar or has ever been asked to resign from employment in such a position; whether the FSA considers a resignation to be relevant will depend on the circumstances, for example if a firm is asked to resign in circumstance that cast doubt over its honesty or integrity; and

9. (9)

   the firm or a person connected with the firm has ever been disqualified from acting as a director.

In determining whether a firm will satisfy and continue to satisfy threshold condition9 5 in respect of having competent and prudent management and exercising due skill, care and diligence, relevant matters, as referred to in COND 2.5.4 G (2), may include, but are not limited to whether:

1. (1)

   the governing body of the firm is made up of individuals with an appropriate range of skills and experience to understand, operate and manage the firm'sregulated activities;

2. (2)

   if appropriate, the governing body of the firm includes non-executive representation, at a level which is appropriate for the control of the regulated activities proposed, for example, as members of an audit committee (see COND 3.2.15G (Audit Committee));

3. (3)

   the governing body of the firm is organised in a way that enables it to address and control the regulated activities of the firm, including those carried on by managers to whom particular functions have been delegated (see SYSC 2.1 (Apportionment of responsibilities) and SYSC 3.2 (Areas covered by systems and controls) and SYSC 4.1.1 R (General organisational requirements)7);

4. (4)

   those persons who perform controlled functions under certain arrangements entered into by the firm or its contractors (including appointed representatives or, where applicable, tied agents9) act with due skill, care and diligence in carrying our their controlled function (see APER 4.2 (Statement of Principle 2) or managing the business for which they are responsible (see APER 4.7 (Statement of Principle 7));

5. (5)

   the firm has made arrangements to put in place an adequate system of internal control to comply with the requirements and standards under the regulatory system (see SYSC 3.1 (Systems and Controls) and SYSC 4.1 (General organisational requirements)7);

6. (6)

   the firm has approached the control of financial and other risk in a prudent manner (for example, by not assuming risks without taking due account of the possible consequences) and has taken reasonable care to ensure that robust information and reporting systems have been developed, tested and properly installed (see SYSC 3.2.10 G(Risk assessment) and SYSC 7.1 (Risk control)7);

7. (7)

   the firm, or a person connected with the firm, has been a director, partner or otherwise concerned in the management of a company, partnership or other organisation or business that has gone into insolvency, liquidation or administration while having been connected with that organisation or within one year of such a connection;

8. (8)

   the firm has developed human resources policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to ensure that it employs only individuals who are honest and committed to high standards of integrity in the conduct of their activities (see, for example, SYSC 3.2.13 G (Employees and agents) and SYSC 5.1 (Employees, agents and other relevant persons)7);

9. (9)

   the firm has conducted enquiries (for example, through market research or the previous activities of the firm) that are sufficient to give it reasonable assurance that it will not be posing unacceptable risks to consumers or the financial system;

10. (10)

    the firm has in place systems and controls against money laundering of the sort described in SYSC 3.2.6 R to SYSC 3.2.6J G5 and SYSC 6.3 (Financial crime)7;

    51
11. (11)

    where appropriate, the firm has appointed auditors and actuaries, who have sufficient experience in the areas of business to be conducted (see SUP 3.4 (Auditors' qualifications) and SUP 4.3.8 G to

    4

    SUP 4.3.10 G (4Actuary's qualifications)); and1

12. (12)

    in the case of a firm that carries on insurance mediation activity10:1

    10
    1. (a)

       a reasonable proportion of the persons within its management structure who are responsible for the insurance mediation activity; and1

    2. (b)

       all other persons directly involved in its insurance mediation activity;1

       demonstrate the knowledge and ability necessary for the performance of their duties; and1

    3. (c)

       all the persons in its management structure and any staff directly involved in insurance mediation activity are of good repute (see 6MIPRU 2.3.1 R6 (Knowledge, ability and good repute)).1

The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Variation of Threshold Conditions) Order 2001 (SI 2001/2507) imposes certain additional conditions on non-EEA insurers, as set out above.

This order implements requirements under the Insurance Directives, and the Act extends these requirements to firms outside of the EEA.

The effect of article 3(a) of the order is that a non-EEA insurer (including a Swiss General insurance company) must appoint an authorised UK representative.

1. (1)

   A non-EEA insurer must be a body corporate formed under the law of the country where its head office is situated.

2. (2)

   A person seeking to carry on insurance business in the United Kingdom must have assets in the United Kingdom to a value specified in GENPRU32. Where the applicant wants to carry on insurance business in other EEA States, the applicant must have assets in those other EEA States as are agreed between the FSA and the supervisory authorities in the other states.

   23
3. (3)

   Unless the regulated activity to be carried on by the applicant relates solely to reinsurance business, the applicant must make a deposit of an amount, and type and on terms with a person and agreed between the FSA and the supervisory authorities in other EEA States where the applicant wishes to carry on insurance business. This deposit will be subject to provisions in INSPRU 1.53.2

   23

1. (1)

   The additional conditions set out in COND 2.5.6 G (1), (2) and (3) do not apply to Swiss general insurance companies.

Close Links: is an undertaking the parent undertaking of another undertaking (COND 2.3.7G(2))